This is an FBI investigation document from the Epstein Files collection (FBI VOL00009). Text has been machine-extracted from the original PDF file. Search more documents →
FBI VOL00009
EFTA01077101
61 pages
Page 41 / 61
See id. at 471-72 (articulating the above seven procedures as essential to satisfy procedural due process when assigning risk levels under SORA) (emphasis added); see also People u. Brooks, 308 A.D.2d 99, 103 (2d Dep't 2003) (same). This sixth constitutional factor -- the requirement that the State bear the burden of proof and prove the facts supporting each risk factor upon which a risk assessment is based by the elevated standard of clear and convincing evidence -- is of particular significance, in that it is a recognition of the severe injurious impact upon liberty, reputation, and opportunity that an unjustified notification level can have on an offender: Because "the possible injury to the individual [registrant] is significantly greater than any possible harm to the state," the registrant, consistent with due process, cannot "be asked to share equally with society the risk of error" . . . . It necessarily follows that the Due Process Clause requires that the state prove its case by clear and convincing evidence in a Megan's Law proceeding. E.B. v. Verniero, 119 F.3d 1077, 1111 (3d Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 522 U.S. 1109 (1998) (citing Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418, 427 (1979)); see also Brooks, 303 A.D.2d at 105 (observing "a SORA determination 34 EFTA01077141
Page 42 / 61
undeniably has a profound impact on a defendant's liberty interest due to the registration and community notification provisions"). In other words, because a SORA hearing "threaten[s] the individual involved with a significant deprivation of liberty or stigma," due process demands "more than average certainty on the part of the factfmder." E.B., 119 F.3d at 1110-11 (citing Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 756- 58 (1982)). Accordingly, "registrants are entitled to have the burden of persuasion placed on the state, with the state obligated to prove the proposed level and manner of notification by clear and convincing evidence." Doe, 3 F. Supp. 2d at 471; see also David W, 95 N.Y.2d at 140 (holding "Due process requires that the State bear the burden of proving, at some meaningful time, that a defendant deserves the classification assigned."). Here, the Court's Level 3 determination, made without regard to the People's presentation and advocacy at the hearing and unsupported by clear and convincing evidence, failed to satisfy these basic constitutional requirements regarding both the allocation of the burden of persuasion (upon the People) and the standard of proof (by clear and convincing evidence) for a SORA hearing. The Court's complete 35 EFTA01077142
Page 43 / 61
reliance on the unsupported, unprosecuted, and disputed hearsay allegations in the Board's case summary to buttress a Level 3 determination violated Appellant's due process rights, as set forth by Doe v. Pataki, and accordingly, the Court's Order should be reversed. II. THE COURT BASED ITS LEVEL 3 DETERMINATION UPON IMPROPER CONSIDERATIONS. In addition to basing Appellant's risk level determination on uncharged allegations that, both in fact and as a matter of law could not be proven by clear and convincing evidence, the Court improperly assessed Appellant as a Level 3 offender based on additional factors and considerations that should not have weighed into its RAI calculation. Namely, the Court improperly penalized Appellant for conduct that was not scoreable under SORA, even with respect to the complainant from his single registerable crime of conviction. In addition, the record lays bare that the Court allowed personal bias and irrelevant factors outside the record in Appellant's case to influence the Court's SORA determination. A. The Court Improperly Assessed Points Against Appellant for Conduct That Is Not Scoreable Under SORA. First, the SORA Court improperly scored Appellant for alleged conduct that is not registerable, and in some cases is not even criminal, 36 EFTA01077143
Page 44 / 61
under New York law with respect to the sole complainant at issue in Appellant's single registerable Florida conviction. For example, the Court adopted the Board's assessment of points for "sexual intercourse," even though the People themselves conceded that the complainant at issue was 17 (and therefore over New York's age of consent) when she allegedly engaged in consensual intercourse with Appellant. See A.92:1-7 (Tr.). This scoring for sexual intercourse was in clear contravention to the SORA statute, which states that prostitution offenses are only registerable under SORA where there is clear and convincing evidence that the prostitute was "in fact" under 17 at the time of the alleged sexual conduct. Correction Law § 168-a(2)(a)(i).13 Additionally, the Court appears to have scored Appellant 20 points for this same complainant under the "age of victim" factor, even though the People made a record that the complainant was "either 16 or 17" when she met Appellant for the first time. A.92:1-3 gr.). The fact that, even in the People's view, the specific age of the complainant when 19 Of course, the exact allegations for which the Court assessed points against Appellant are nearly impossible to identify given the Court's failure to articulate findings of fact and conclusions of law supporting its scoring of particular factors. See A.4 (Order Appealed Prom, dated Jan. 18, 2011); A.82 (Pr. generally); see also Section III, infra. Nor did the Board's recommendation tie its scoring to particular facts in its case summary, which lumped a host of facts together in the aggregate. See A.65 (Board Recommendation). 37 EFTA01077144
Page 45 / 61
she first met Appellant -- no less when she may have engaged in sexual conduct with him -- could not be ascertained precludes a finding that this element was proven by clear and convincing evidence. See Solomon v. State of New York, 146 A.D.2d 439, 440 (1st Dep't 1989) (defining clear and convincing evidence as evidence "that is neither equivocal nor open to opposing presumptions"). Yet the Court disregarded the burden of proof and made clear that it was scoring Appellant for this factor.14 See A.92:13-93:12 (Tr.). These improper assessments of points on the RAI should render the Court's Level 3 determination invalid. B. The Court Improperly Allowed Personal Feelings and Matters Outside the Record to Influence Its SORA Determination. Next, the Court abused its discretion by allowing an apparent personal distaste for Appellant, the nature of the crime for which he pleaded guilty and was convicted, and the quantity and nature of unproven, unprosecuted allegations cited in the Board's recommendation to impinge upon the Court's duty to follow the law. The Court demonstrated a remarkable disdain and lack of judicial 14 Again, the specific basis upon which the Court scored Appellant for certain factors cannot be ascertained from the legally deficient Order, see A.4 (Order Appealed From, dated Jan. 18, 2011), although the Court's comments at the hearing revealed the Court's belief that points should be assessed against Appellant for "procuring" this complainant when "she was either 16 or 17." See A.92:1-23 (fr.). 38 EFTA01077145
Page 46 / 61
objectivity in its response to hearing the District Attorney disavow the reliability of the Board's recommendation, in receiving the arguments of counsel for Appellant, and in rendering its Order as a whole. First, although the SORA statute clearly contemplates that the District Attorney may depart from the Board's recommendation based upon its own evaluation of the evidence,15 see Correction Law §§ 168- 15 For example, SORA expressly provides, "If the district attorney seeks a determination that differs from the recommendation submitted by the board, at least ten days prior to the determination proceeding the district attorney shall provide to the court and the sex offender a statement setting forth the determinations sought by the district attorney together with the reasons for seeking such determinations." Correction Law §§ 168-k(2), 168-n(2). While the more common application of this provision involves the People seeking a higher risk level than the Board, the provision clearly encompasses any deviation from the Board's recommendation, including the People's discretion to recommend a lower risk level. See, e.g., People u. Ferguson, 53 A.D.3d 571, 572 (2d Dep't 2008) (holding that 10- day notice requirement applies not only to changes in RAI scoring, but to changes in factual predicates for RAI scoring). Incidentally, it bears noting that the People failed to comply with these procedural mandates, constituting a further procedural flaw in these proceedings. See Correction Law §§ 168-k(2), 168-n(2). While the People provided Appellant with a written alternative RAI immediately prior to the SORA hearing -- and not ten days prior to the hearing, as required by SORA -- it appears that the People failed to submit their RAI to the Court at all. See Appendix generally. Before rejecting out of hand the People's stance that a Level 3 determination could not be supported by sufficient evidence, the Court should have adjourned the matter to receive and review a written statement of the People's recommended determination and supporting reasons. See People u. Ferguson, 53 A.D.3d at 572 (reversing SORA order where defendant and court did not receive proper 10-day notice of People's revised RAI); cf. People v. Jordan, 31 A.D.3d 1196, 1196 (4th Dep't 2006) (holding People's failure to provide sufficient notice of revised RAI was cured where Court adjourned matter to allow meaningful opportunity to consider revised RAI). The Court's failure to enforce the procedural mandates of the SORA statute was prejudicial to Appellant, in that the Court did not have sufficient opportunity to 39 EFTA01077146
Page 47 / 61
k(2), 168-n(2), here, the Court rejected the investigation and advocacy of the People. Indeed, the Court went so far as to express "shock" that the People would support a lower risk level determination than that recommended by the Board, almost as a matter of principle. See A.86:9 (Tr.). The Court disregarded the detailed evidentiary investigation and careful parsing of allegations that the People undertook in evaluating the Board's recommendation. Ignoring the record at issue concerning Appellant and the evidence pertaining to him, the Court focused instead on the irrelevant facts of some unidentified case completely unrelated to Appellant's: I have to tell you, I am a little overwhelmed because I have never seen the prosecutor's office do anything like this. I have never seen it. I had a case with one instance it was a marine who went to a bar, and I wish I had the case before me, but he went to a bar and a 17 year old, he was an adult obviously, he was a Marine, a 17 year old came up to him and one thing lead [sic] to another and he had sex with her and the People would not agree to a downward modification on that. understand the compelling reasons for the alternative RAI calculation that the People promoted. See id. 40 EFTA01077147
Page 48 / 61
So I am a little overwhelmed here because I see -- I mean I read everything here, I am just a little overwhelmed that the People are making this application. I could cite many many, I have done many SORAs much less troubling than this one where the People would never make a downward departure like this.16 A.84:21-85:10 (Tr.). Later, when Appellant's counsel disputed that there were any credible -- much less prosecuted -- allegations that Appellant ever used force, the Court again began comparing Appellant's case to the same irrelevant case about "a marine" -- a matter completely unknown to Appellant and having no connection whatsoever to Appellant's case -- seemingly to suggest that Appellant should nevertheless be scored as Level 3 under SORA: There was no allegation of force in the marine either, who met a girl in a bar, a young girl 17, there was no force there. 16 Notably, the People were not asking the Court to make a downward departure from the RAI calculation, but were advising the Court that the evidence required a recalculation of Appellant's risk level based on the RAI factors. See Sex Offender Registration Act: Risk Assessment Guidelines and Commentary, Commentary (2006) at 4-5,11 5, 6. 41 EFTA01077148
Page 49 / 61
A.90:13-15 (Tr.).17 The Court's subjective comparison of Appellant's case to some unidentified, unrelated case was improper and highly irregular, and it clearly interfered with the Court's duty to make an assessment based on the law. Similarly, in response to an argument by counsel regarding the implications that a Level 3 assignment would have on Appellant, who does not actually reside in New York, the Court abandoned any semblance of judicial objectivity by dismissively suggesting that he should "give up his New York home if he does not want to come every 90 days." A.93:18-19 (Tr.). Rather than giving reasoned consideration to whether Appellant's residence outside of New York might be a relevant factor in its overall risk assessment (such as for a downward departure from an RAI calculation), the Court improperly allowed its judgment to be clouded by apparent personal disdain for Appellant. Furthermore, the Court's apparent distaste for Appellant has eliminated any likelihood that Appellant will receive a fair redetermination hearing should this matter be remanded back to the 17 Significantly, the Court in fact scored 10 points against Appellant for forcible compulsion, despite the parties' agreement that there was no legitimate evidentiary basis to score Appellant for the use of force or violence. See A.94:7-8 (fr.). 42 EFTA01077149
Page 50 / 61
same Justice. Indeed, this Court has recognized that reassignment of a matter to a different Justice following appeal is warranted and appropriate where the apparent impartiality of the lower court has been legitimately questioned, as it most certainly has here. See, e.g., People v. Rampino, 55 A.D.3d 348, 349 (1st Dep't 2008) (remanding resentencing matter to a different Justice where the "appearance of fairness and impartiality [was] compromised by the actions of the Justice to whom defendant's application was assigned"); Fresh Del Monte Produce N.V. v. Eastbrook Caribe, 40 A.D.3d 415, 421 (1st Dep't 2007) (remanding matter to a different Justice where "a reasonable concern about the appearance of impartiality" had been raised on appeal). Accordingly, should this Court deem remand the only appropriate mechanism for recalculating Appellant's risk assessment level, Appellant respectfully asks that the SORA proceeding be reassigned to a different Justice. In sum, a court only has discretion to go beyond the factors outlined in the SORA guidelines in evaluating a person's risk level where justified by clear and convincing evidence. See People v. Sherard, 73 A.D.3d 537, 537 (1st Dep't 2010) (citing People v. Miller, 854 N.Y.2d 43 EFTA01077150
Page 51 / 61
138 (2008), lv. denied 10 N.Y.3d 711, 860 N.Y.S.2d 483 (2008)) (holding
that where a court exercises discretion to depart from the evidence-
based scoring of an RAI, the court must base such departure on "clear
and convincing evidence of aggravating factors to a degree not taken
into account" in the RAI); see also Sex Offender Registration Act: Risk
Assessment Guidelines and Commentary, Commentary (2006) at 4-5, ¶¶
5, 6. Here, the Court's SORA determination, made in the express
absence of clear and convincing evidence, 18 constituted an abuse of
discretion, warranting reversal of the Court's Level 3 determination and
Order.
Moreover, given the Court's demonstrated lack of judicial
objectivity toward Appellant, should remand be required, Appellant
respectfully requests that this matter be reassigned to a different
Justice in the Supreme Court.
18
The Court did not -- and could not -- cite any factors within or outside of the
Board's consideration, proven by clear and convincing evidence, that would justify a
Level 3 determination under RAI scoring or constitute lawful grounds for an
upward departure. See A.82 ('Pr. generally). Instead, the Court fully adopted the
Board's calculation, scoring Appellant a presumptive rating of Level 3, without
meaningful inquiry into any of the underlying allegations or any consideration of
other evidence which could bear upon Appellant's risk level. See A.93:21, 94:6-95:9,
96:11-13 (Pr.).
44
EFTA01077151
Page 52 / 61
III. THE COURT'S ORDER DOES NOT COMPLY WITH THE MANDATES OF SORA AND CONSTITUTIONAL DUE PROCESS AND MUST BE VACATED. Finally, the Court's Order determining Appellant to be a Level 3 sex offender is itself facially defective in numerous regards and should be vacated as legally invalid. In addition, the Court's failure to set forth any factual basis for its Level 3 determination renders the Order constitutionally infirm, warranting reversal on federal due process grounds as well. SORA provides that it is the "duty of the court" to determine, pursuant to the SORA guidelines, both the "level of notification" required of an offender and whether any designations defined in section 168-a(7) apply. Correction Law §§ 168-k(2), 168-n(2). In addition, SORA mandates that the court "render an order" which sets forth "its determinations and the findings of fact and conclusions of law on which the determinations are based." Correction Law §§ 168-k, 168-n. Here, the Court's compliance with these requirements fell woefully short. The only order issued by the Court in this matter was a standard boilerplate form where the Court circled a pre-printed number and provided a signature and date. See A.4 (Order Appealed From, 45 EFTA01077152
Page 53 / 61
dated Jan. 18, 2011). Indeed, upon close examination of the only "order" in this matter, it appears that the form Order is actually intended to be a cover sheet to accompany a more formal order, with written findings of fact and conclusions of law, upon submission to the Division. See A.4 (Order Appealed From, dated Jan. 18, 2011) (stating, "A copy of the order setting forth the risk level and designation determinations, and the findings and conclusions of law on which such determinations are based, shall be submitted to the Division of Criminal Justice Services' Sex Offender Registry Unit by the Court. In addition, please complete and attach this form indicating the offender's risk level and designation to the Court's order."). Yet this legally insufficient Order was served on Appellant following the SORA proceeding and was sent to the Division so that the Level 3 determination could be executed and enforced. See A.78 (Letter of Supreme Court, dated Jan. 19, 2011). The appellate courts have consistently held that cursory, non- specific "findings" issued after SORA hearings -- including the wholesale adoption of a Board recommendation or recitation of RAI factors without further explanation, as the Court offered here -- are 46 EFTA01077153
Page 54 / 61
legally insufficient under SORA. See, e.g. People v. Strong, 77 A.D.3d 717, 717-18 (2d Dep't 2010) (reversing SORA order issued without fuldings of fact and conclusions of law, where court relied on RAI but failed to introduce the RAI in evidence or indicate any evidence relied upon); People u. Gilbert, 78 A.D.3d 1584, 1584 (4th Dep't 2010) (holding that the SORA court's conclusory recitation that it reviewed the parties' submissions and was adopting the Board's case summary and recommendation was insufficient to fulfill SORA's statutory mandate); People u. Miranda, 24 A.D.3d 909, 910-11 (3d Dep't 2005) (holding that the court's adoption of the Board's RAI scores and "generic listing of factors" failed to "fulfill the statutory mandate" of SORA and precluded "meaningful appellate review of the propriety of the court's risk level assessment"). In addition, the Order in this case is constitutionally deficient, in that the Court's failure to set forth any factual or legal bases for its Level 3 determination falls short of the minimum due process rights guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution. In the landmark case of Goldberg v. Kelly, the U.S. Supreme Court held that, in relevant part, to demonstrate compliance with the procedural due process requirement 47 EFTA01077154
Page 55 / 61
that the decision maker's conclusion rest solely on the legal rules and evidence adduced at hearing, "[the] decision maker should state reasons for his determination and indicate evidence he relied on, though his statement need not amount to a full opinion or even formal findings of fact and conclusions of law." Goldberg v. Kelly, 397 U.S. 254, 271 (1970) (internal citations omitted).19 In short, the minimal due process requirement that the order set forth the basis for the court's determination is designed to provide some assurance that the court's conclusion rested on sufficient reliable evidence--which in Appellant's case, it did not. The utterly deficient Order issued by the Court in this matter itself provides an independent basis for reversal of the Court's Level 3 determination, on both state statutory and federal constitutional grounds. 19 SORA, by specifically requiring the Court to issue findings of fact and conclusions of law to support its determination, therefore sets forth a higher standard than is required by federal due process. See Correction Law §§ 168-k, 168- n (requiring the court to "render an order setting forth its determinations and the findings of fact and conclusions of law on which the determinations are based"). 48 EFTA01077155
Page 56 / 61
CONCLUSION For the reasons stated herein, Appellant Jeffrey E. Epstein respectfully submits that the January 18, 2011 Order of the New York Supreme Court determining Appellant Jeffrey E. Epstein to be a Level 3 sex offender, without designation, should be vacated, and Appellant's SORA level should be recalculated -- either by this Court based on the present record or upon remand to a different Justice in the lower court -- in accordance with the law, based solely on the evidence that can be proven by clear and convincing evidence, to wit, the undisputed conduct encompassed by Appellant's registerable crime of conviction. February 22, 2011 Respectfully submitted, /s/ Jay P. Lefkowitz Jay P. Lefkowitz, P.C. [email protected] Sandra Lynn Musumeci sandra.musumeci®kirkland.com KIRICLAND & Eins LLP 601 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10022 Telephone: Facsimile: Counsel for Defendant-Appellant Jeffrey K Epstein 49 EFTA01077156
Page 57 / 61
PRINTING SPECIFICATION STATEMENT This computer generated brief was prepared using a proportionally spaced typeface. Name of Typeface: Century Schoolbook Point Size: 14-point type Line Spacing: Double-spaced The total number of words in the brief, inclusive of point headings and footnotes and exclusive of pages containing the table of contents, table of authorities, and printing specification statement is 10,522. 50 EFTA01077157
Page 58 / 61
CERTIFICATE OF DIGITAL-SUBMISSION COMPLIANCE The undersigned hereby certifies that: (1) all required privacy redactions have been made and, with the exception of those redactions, every document submitted in Digital Form or scanned PDF format is an exact copy of the written document filed with the Clerk; and (2) the digital submissions have been scanned for viruses with the most recent version of a commercial virus scanning program (McAfee Enterprise 8.5 Virus Scan, updated as of March 9, 2009) and, according to the program, are free of viruses. /s/ Jay P. Lefkowitz Jay P. Lefkowitz, P.C. Sandra Lynn Musumeci KIRICLAND & Eins LLP 601 Lexington Avenue New York, New York 10022 Telephone: Facsimile: 51 EFTA01077158
Page 59 / 61
SUPREME COURT FOR THE STATE OF NEW YORK COUNTY OF NEW YORK PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, Plaintiff-Respondent, -against- JEFFREY E. EPSTEIN, Defendant-Appellant. Index No.: 30129-2010 PRE-ARGUMENT STATEMENT 1. TITLE OF ACTION: As set forth in caption. 2. FULL NAMES OF ORIGINAL PARTIES AND ANY CHANGE IN THE PARTIES: As set forth in caption. There has been no change in the parties. 3. NAME, ADDRESS, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER OF COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT OR PETITIONER: Jay P. Lefkowitz, P.C. Sandra Lynn Musumeci KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP 601 Lexington Avenue New York, N -4611 Telephone: Facsimile: 4. NAME, ADDRESS, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER OF COUNSEL FOR RESPONDENT: Cyrus R. Vance, Jr. NEW YORK DISTRICT ATTORNEY'S OFFICE One Hogan Place New York, NYilli m Telephone: 5. COURT AND COUNTY, OR ADMINISTRATIVE BODY, FROM WHICH APPEAL IS TAKEN: New York Supreme Court (Criminal Term), New York County. 6. THE NATURE AND OBJECT OF THE CAUSE OF ACTION OR SPECIAL PROCEEDING: Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA) hearing, pursuant to Article 6-C of the Correction Law. 7. RESULT REACHED IN THE COURT OF ADMINISTRATIVE BODY BELOW: Supreme Court, New York County, adjudged appellant Jeffrey E. Epstein to be a Level 3 sexual offender, without additional designation. 8. GROUNDS FOR SEEKING REVERSAL, ANNULMENT, OR MODIFICATION: The Court's designation of appellant Jeffrey E. Epstein as a Level 3 sexual offender was an abuse of EFTA01077159
Page 60 / 61
discretion and constituted reversible legal error based, in part, on the following: (1) the Court improperly relied on untrustworthy double and triple hearsay contained in the recommendation of the Board of Examiners of Sex Offenders, even though the District Attorney, as the party appearing on behalf of the State, rejected much of the Board's recommendation as not constituting clear and convincing evidence to support a Level 3 designation where such hearsay allegations were rejected as a basis for state prosecution; (2) the Court failed to provide the parties with an opportunity to present evidence on contested issues, as required by statute, and instead relied wholesale upon the recommendation of the Board, over the objection of the District Attorney, without any inquiry; (3) the Court did not apply the guidelines established by the Board, as required by statute; and (4) the Court failed to set forth the findings of fact and conclusions of law on which its determinations in support of a Level 3 designation were based, as required by statute. 9. THERE IS NO RELATED ACTION OR PROCEEDING NOW PENDING IN ANY COURT OF THIS OR ANY OTHER JURISDICTION. 10. THERE IS NO ADDITIONAL APPEAL PENDING IN THIS ACTION. Dated: February 9, 2011 r . Leflcowitz, P.C. dra Lynn Musumeci KIRKLAND & ELLIS LLP 601 Lexington Avenue New York, Neall611 Telephone: Facsimile: Attorneys for Defendant-Appellant Jeffrey E. Esptein. -2- EFTA01077160